Type based transformer preventive maintenance
Type based transformer preventive maintenance
The significance of transformers and its role in power
industry needs no introduction. While on duty, transformers not only transmit
power, but also ensure safety of the equipment at different voltage levels. The
size of the transformers might vary according to their residential and
industrial uses, but the importance of transformer
maintenance is the same irrespective of its volume.
Transformers are maintained in two perspectives namely
transformer preventive maintenance and transformer maintenance based on
requirement. Be it oil based transformer or dry type, the staff are trained in
transformer maintenance appropriately.
Oil based
transformers
In the case of oil transformers, proper installation and
operations are ensured. Care is taken not to overlook basic requirements which
could grow up to serious damages when let neglected.
The staffs are tutored about probability of trouble shooting
certain anticipated conditions, which are grouped together as unscheduled
maintenance.
Visual inspections followed by repairs, adjustments and
replacements are regular transformer preventive maintenance. The
transformer maintenance predicts damages and corrects the faults that lead
to such damages so that things do not go out of control.
The temperature, devices, insulation systems, protective coatings
of the transformer are brought under observation.
For low insulation resistance, earth fault or absence of
primary voltage could be the reason and position or connection should be
checked. For spurious triggering during operations, the sensors and
thermometers should be studied.
Dry type transformers
Ventilation and atmospheric conditions are important
criteria of dry type transformers because any leakage or contact with
atmosphere could turn disastrous. Proper ventilation ensures cooling in dry
type transformers. Such ventilations are handled depending upon geographical locations
where the transformers are installed.
Dry type transformers are usually installed in areas free
from dust and chemicals. As a part of transformer
preventive maintenance, dry transformers above 75kV are positioned 12
inches from walls and other transformers to ensure uninterrupted flow of air
around the apparatus. If located near combustible materials, minimum
separations are determined by National Electric Code (NEC).
If significant noise is present in the location, it is
considered while installing transformer there. In higher altitudes where air
density decreases, the temperature is considered appropriately for transformer
maintenance.
The dry transformer could complain low insulation resistance
which occurs due to humidity in surface of windings. As transformer
maintenance, clean dry air ventilation should be ensured. For unexpected
secondary voltage, the position or connection should be altered.
Dry
transformer preventive maintenance is classified in two types namely in
energized state and de-energized state.
The alarm trips of the transformer must be taken seriously
and the reasons should be immediately investigated.
Transformers and
ageing
Besides its type of insulation,
transformer maintenance is distinct for ageing transformers. Transformers
have a life span between 30 to 40 years based on the rate of deterioration. Few
exceptional transformers could last only for 20 to 25 years.
Since electric surges are the most popular reasons for
transformer breakdowns, the same is prioritized in
transformer preventive maintenance.
Conclusion
The art of maintaining transformers according to its
insulation is a very comprehensive science and must be fervently followed to
extend the life span of the apparatus and the profits thus gained.
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